× Cross Product Calculator (and Dot Product)

a × b with every component worked out — and everything else about the two vectors.

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Formula at a glance

Cross Product Calculator: Cross product — a × b = (a₂b₃ − a₃b₂, a₃b₁ − a₁b₃, a₁b₂ − a₂b₁). Example: (1, 2, 3) × (4, 5, 6) → a × b: (−3, 6, −3)  =  −3i + 6j − 3k
How the Cross Product Calculator works: Cross product — a × b = (a₂b₃ − a₃b₂, a₃b₁ − a₁b₃, a₁b₂ − a₂b₁)

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📘 About the Cross Product Calculator

The cross product of two 3D vectors is a new vector perpendicular to both, with length equal to the area of the parallelogram they span. It gives normals to planes, torque (τ = r × F), angular momentum and the magnetic force on a moving charge. The dot product, by contrast, is a number that measures how much two vectors point the same way.

Enter two vectors. The calculator works out each component of a × b, the dot product, both magnitudes, the angle between them, the unit normal and the areas of the parallelogram and triangle — and with a third vector, the scalar triple product (the volume of the parallelepiped).

🧮 Formula

Cross product
a × b = (a₂b₃ − a₃b₂, a₃b₁ − a₁b₃, a₁b₂ − a₂b₁)
Magnitude
|a × b| = |a||b| sin θ
Dot product
a · b = a₁b₁ + a₂b₂ + a₃b₃ = |a||b| cos θ

✏️ Worked examples

(1, 2, 3) × (4, 5, 6)

You enter
Vector a1, 2, 3
Vector b4, 5, 6
You get
a × b(−3, 6, −3) = −3i + 6j − 3k
a · b (dot product)32
|a × b| (area of the parallelogram)3√6 ≈ 7.3484692
Area of the triangle3√6/2 ≈ 3.6742346
|a|, |b|3.7416574, 8.7749644
Angle between a and b12.9332°
Unit normal (a × b)/|a × b|(−0.408248, 0.816497, −0.408248)

(−3, 6, −3) = −3i + 6j − 3k.

i × j = k

You enter
Vector a1, 0, 0
Vector b0, 1, 0
Vector c (optional, for the triple product)0, 0, 1
You get
a × b(0, 0, 1) = 0i + 0j + 1k
a · b (dot product)0
|a × b| (area of the parallelogram)1
Area of the triangle1/2 ≈ 0.5
|a|, |b|1, 1
Angle between a and b90°
Unit normal (a × b)/|a × b|(0, 0, 1)
Scalar triple product c · (a × b)1 (volume of the parallelepiped = 1)

(0, 0, 1) = 0i + 0j + 1k.

🧭 How to use this calculator

What you enter

  • Vector a
  • Vector b
  • Vector c (optional, for the triple product)

What you get

  • a × b
  • a · b (dot product)
  • |a × b| (area of the parallelogram)
  • Area of the triangle
  • |a|, |b|
  • Angle between a and b
  • Unit normal (a × b)/|a × b|

❓ Frequently asked questions

Which way does the cross product point?

By the right-hand rule: point your fingers along a, curl them towards b, and your thumb gives a × b.

What if the cross product is zero?

The vectors are parallel (or one is zero).

Is a × b the same as b × a?

No — b × a = −(a × b). The cross product is anti-commutative.